Research on the Dilemmas and Breakthrough Paths of Elite Education and Education Equity in Policy from the Perspective of Role-Based Policy Debate

Abstract

With the rapid development of society and the economy, elite education has increasingly become a focal point in discussions of educational equity and social justice. Elite education, while aiming to cultivate high-level talent, often relies on highly selective admission mechanisms and concentrated high-quality resources, which may exacerbate existing inequalities in access and outcomes. From the perspective of role-based policy debate, this study examines how different stakeholders—such as policymakers, educators, parents, and students—frame and contest the relationship between elite education and education equity in policy processes. The analysis identifies key dilemmas, including uneven allocation of educational resources, class stratification reinforced by schooling pathways, and the strong influence of family economic background on educational opportunities and trajectories. These factors hinder the realization of substantive educational equity and contribute to the concentration of advantages among specific social groups. On this basis, the paper explores potential breakthrough paths through more inclusive enrollment policies, diversified support systems, and mechanisms for sharing social and educational resources. It further discusses how digital technologies can help reduce geographical and economic barriers, thereby expanding equal learning opportunities. By employing role-based policy debate and role play, participants can articulate interests, reveal policy trade-offs, and co-construct more sustainable policy designs that balance the development of elite education with the pursuit of education equity.